10 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR AIMS 2026 EXAM

1. What does RFLP stand for in genetic analysis?

A. Random Fragment Length Polymorphism

B. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

C. Recombinant Fragment Length Polymorphism

D. Repetitive Fragment Length Polymorphism

E. Rapid Fragment Length Polymorphism

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: RFLP stands for Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, a technique used to detect variations in DNA sequences, such as the glycosyl transferase gene or mutations like sickle cell anemia.

2. What is the purpose of using PCR in the context of polymorphic genes?

A. To clone genes into plasmids

B. To perform Southern blotting

C. To analyze protein structures

D. To sequence the entire genome

E. To amplify polymorphic genes from genomic DNA

Correct Answer: E

Explanation: PCR is used to amplify polymorphic genes from genomic DNA, allowing for further analysis and distinction of different known alleles through various methods such as dot blotting or sequence-specific PCR.

3. What is the purpose of sequence-specific PCR (SSP) in the context of HLA typing?

A. To analyse protein expression

B. To sequence DNA directly

C. To clone DNA fragments

D. To create DNA fingerprints

E. To amplify genomic DNA for specific HLA alleles

Correct Answer: E

Explanation: Sequence-specific PCR (SSP) is used to amplify genomic DNA with primer pairs that are specific for different HLA class II alleles, which is essential for HLA typing in medical applications.

4. What are minisatellites and microsatellites in DNA profiling?

A. Regions of DNA that do not vary among individuals

B. Regions of DNA with no repeats

C. Regions of DNA with a variable number of tandem repeats

D. Regions of DNA that are always the same length

E. Regions of RNA with variable sequences

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Minisatellites and microsatellites are regions of DNA characterized by a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs), which contribute to the high polymorphism used in DNA profiling.

5. What is the significance of the 13 STRs recommended by the FBI for criminal investigations?

A. They are not reliable for forensic applications

B. They provide a unique identification probability of less than 1 in 10 billion

C. They are the most common STRs found in the population

D. They are the only STRs used in DNA testing

E. They are used for paternity testing only

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The panel of 13 STRs recommended by the FBI for criminal investigations allows for a unique identification probability of less than 1 in 10 billion, making it highly effective for forensic applications.

6. What is the Diego blood group system composed of?

A. 30 antigens from various species

B. 10 antigens only

C. 15 antigens related to Rh system

D. 5 antigens from different blood groups

E. 22 antigens including high and low prevalence antigens

Correct Answer: E

Explanation: The Diego blood group system consists of 22 antigens, which include three sets of high and low pairs of antithetical antigens and 16 low-prevalence antigens.

7. What is the primary use of the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)?

A. Hormone testing

B. Drug monitoring

C. Surfactant/albumin ratio

D. Deionizing water

E. Catecholamine testing

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is primarily used for hormone testing, making it a crucial method in clinical chemistry for measuring hormone levels.

8. Which method of immunoassay is based on fluorescence?

A. Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

B. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

C. Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA)

D. Fluorescent immunoassay (FIA)

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The Fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) is based on fluorescence, where the fluorescence is proportional to the concentration of the analyte being tested.

9. What is the function of erythropoietin synthesized in the kidneys?

A. Regulates blood pressure

B. Controls water balance

C. Activates Vitamin D

D. Resorbs sodium

E. Increases heme production in RBCs

Correct Answer: E

Explanation: Erythropoietin is synthesized in the kidneys and plays a crucial role in increasing heme production and iron insertion into red blood cells (RBCs).

10. What is glomerulonephritis primarily related to?

A. Group A β-hemolytic streptococcal

infections

B. Tubular diseases

C. Renal calculi

D. Chronic renal failure

E. Urinary tract infections

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Glomerulonephritis is specifically mentioned as being related to group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infections, which lead to damage in the glomerular structure.